Fixed assumptions: US hole-card peek · split once (max 2 hands) · no resplitting aces · split aces draw one card · insurance always declined · flat 1-unit initial bets · finite shoes reshuffle at the cut card: 75% penetration for 2+ decks, and earlier on a single deck (≈50%) so a full round always fits.

Edge is per initial bet. Doubles and splits put more chips in play, so loss per $100k of total action is a little lower. Run a simulation to measure the action multiplier.

Finite decks: the theory line is a fresh-shoe reference, not the convergence target. The theory line is basic strategy's edge on a fresh shoe: exact for the unlimited / independent-draw model, but not a rigorously exact finite calculator (finite hit/double/split EV after a dealer peek is approximated, and finite splits are treated as independent draws). The simulation deals a depleting shoe, which is a genuinely different process, so the observed edge settles above the fresh-shoe line by the cut-card effect: tiny for 6–8 decks (≈0.01–0.02pp), but sizable for 1–2 decks (≈0.1pp), large enough that a one-deck run can land on the other side of break-even from the fresh-shoe line. So for small decks, treat the line as a reference value, not the number the simulation "converges to."

Distribution. If the hand count doesn't divide evenly by session length, the final partial session is excluded from the spread.